In principle very simple and it can be imaged as follows: Stud and mushroom head are solidly connected with each other and therefore make cranking practically impossible. Several mushroom heads and studs must be installed for large area windows. See above illustration.
Also helps against cranking during the burglary.
To ensure that the frame withstands the power drill.
Prevents the drilling of the handle gearing.
Can help but need frequent discipline: lock everything when leaving the house, unlock everything when returning home.
Or a comparable material with high density to ensure that the fastening screws solidly hold fast.
To ensure that the window cannot be simply ripped out of the masonry. This requires special dowels and the right masonry.
Prevents that the frame gets pressed against the wall at one side and get cranked open on the other side.
Safety glass by SILATEC is like a wall of glass. Can also be found at G7 and G20 summits.